集成電路版圖

① 什麼是集成電路版圖設計

就是按照晶體管級電路圖設計集成電路的工藝圖層，每一層代表一種使用的材料，比如多專晶硅，有源區，金屬屬1，金屬2等等。
個人認為這和機械上的機械制圖很相似，工廠都是按照這種圖加工產品的；只不過機械廠造出來的是機器，集成電路生產廠家通過各種工藝（光刻，刻蝕，離子注入），按照版圖生產集成電路。
現在純手工不藉助子電路版圖庫畫版圖的情況已經比較少了。有問題歡迎繼續問我，我是超大規模集成電路方向的研究生

② 集成電路版圖的全自動布局布線

加分我告訴你

先給你一個目錄吧 english

Synthesis, Place & Route
Ketan Joshi
Director of Marketing, SP&R
Design Concept to Implementation
Design Implementation Plan
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Ambit BuildGates Quick Reference Card
What is it?
A logic synthesis tool
Like conventional synthesis, with greater performance and capacity
Who is the Typical User?
Logic designers using ASIC or COT flows
Why is it Better?
Higher performance/capacity
Superior QoR
Integrated Static Timing sign-off
Integrated Chip Synthesis and STA
Ambit BuildGates: Comprehensive Synthesis
Verilog, VHDL, EDIF
Integrated, Sign-off timing engine
Time Budgeting
Graphical UI
Distributed synthesis
AmbitWare
Test Synthesis
TCL - user interface
SDF,GCF, PDEF
Sun, HP, IBM
Business StatisticsConventional Synthesis
Over 500 customers
More than 3000 active licenses worldwide
Leading ASIC vendor support
AMI, Atmel, Chip Express, Faraday Technology, Fujitsu, IBM, Kawasaki Steel, LSI, Lucent, Matsushita, Mitsubishi, NEC, OKI, Toshiba, VLSI
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Low Power Synthesis OptionQuick Reference Card
What is it?
An option to Ambit BuildGates and PKS
Enables less power consuming design
Who is the Typical User?
Logic designers using ASIC or COT flows;
Battery powered applications, consumer electronics
Why is it Better?
Integrated, single tool solution
Superior power savings
Faster runtime
Low Power Synthesis Option
RTL and gate level optimizations
Auto clock gating
Sleep-mode for moles, components
Fully design-constraint driven
Accurate -- RTL transformations based on gate level timing/power
Power analysis
Integrated transparently
Customer Benchmark Data
Significant power savings over conventional flows
Customer 1: 48% power rection
Customer 2: 58% power rection

Better timing, area, and power numbers than competitors
Customer 2: 8.3% better power; 5.6% smaller area; better slack
Customer 3: 14.99% better power; 6x faster runtime; similar area, slack
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Datapath Synthesis Option Quick Reference Card
What is it?
An option to Ambit BuildGates and PKS
Enables faster design, smaller area
Who is the Typical User?
Logic designers using ASIC or COT flows
DSP, multimedia, telecom, networking, processor
Why i it Better?
Integrated, single tool solution
Superior timing and area
Greater Proctivity
Datapath Synthesis Option
Integrated transparently
Automatic partitioning of datapath and control
Automatic Operator Merging
Automatic architecture selection, creation
Enhanced component library
Integrated flow, Outstanding Results: Area, Speed
「 Development of our advanced wireless procts demands high performance synthesis of complex signal processing algorithms. The Ambit BuildGates and its Datapath Option deliver outstanding results in both circuit size and speed, meeting our tough timing requirements. The Datapath option gives the obvious benefit of writing pure RTL versus instantiation of specialized datapath blocks. The significant savings in time and tool expenditures makes the Datapath option very attractive.」

Jim Nelson
Vice president of technology
LinCom Wireless
Upto 50% Area Rection, Streamlined Flow
「 The Cadence Datapath Option has streamlined our design process, and has proced up to 50 percent rection in datapath area. As the instry leader in support for Verilog 2000 in synthesis, Cadence makes the RTL much cleaner, smaller, and more understandable. This feature was integral in the completion of our Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) design with complex multipliers and radix-4 Butterflies.」
Raja Gosula
ASIC Manager
Innocomm Wireless
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
PKS Quick Reference Card
What is it?
A physical synthesis tool
Like conventional synthesis with superior timing-correlation and Quality of Results
Who is the Typical User
Logic designers using ASIC or COT flows
Why is it Better?
Superior correlation +/- 3%
Superior QoR & Capacity
Superior integration
PKS: What Problem Does It Solve?
DSM Timing Closure is Unpredictable
Poor correlation between Synthesis and P&R timing
Repair methods are slow to converge

SP&R Test Case 45
Video/graphics
160k instances
70 macros
5 layers, 0.18 micron
Target freq: 100Mhz
Test 45 Slack Summary
Test 45 Slack Summary
SP&R ASIC Vendor Support
SP&R Customer Adoption
SP&R Customer Adoption
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Silicon Ensemble - PKSQuick Reference Card
What is it?
An optimization place & route tool
Like conventional P&R with superior optimizations and Quality of Results

Who is the Typical User
Digital physical designers
Why is it Better?
Superior timing and area
Signal Integrity Prevention, Analysis, and correction
Low-risk proven upgrade
Timing Closure with SE-PKS
Integration of Physical Synthesis Technology
Flow supports conventional or physical synthesis netlist or database hand-off
Preserved traditional flow steps, upgraded engines
No constraint handling issues
On-line SI technology

Clock Distribution
Clock Tree Generation
Supports gated, inverting, non-inverting, and multi-level clock trees
Clock Wire Self Heat Prevention
Inserts buffers to rece the load
Uses wide-wire clock routing
Clock Net Hot Electron Prevention
Slew control through driver upsizing and repeater insertion
Signal Integrity
Crosstalk
Prevention
During placement optimization
Analysis and Correction
Handles both glitch and delay effects.
Post route automatic fixing
Repair Techniques
Buffer Insertion
Most cost-effective in case of congested design
Default method of fixing
Wide Space routing
Best suited for errors in non-congested areas
No penalty of logic verification (formal verification)
Shielded routing
Useful for critical nets such as Clock
Consumes routing resources
Crosstalk Results
69618 components, 43085 nets, 771 I/O pins
0.25um, 5 LM, 1.8V, 5 clocks, Max Freq - 140MHz

Power Analysis
Electromigration Analysis :
Supports comprehensive rail analysis
Clearly identify and flag segments of the rail susceptible to electromigration
Correct ring the power routing phase
Voltage Drop Analysis:
Supports both static and dynamic voltage drop on the power grid
User generated vcd file input
Clearly identify and flag problem segments of the rail
Correct ring the power routing
Power Analysis Results
Business StatisticsSI
Over 40 customers
More than 1000 active licenses worldwide
In use by leading ASIC vendors
Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Sony, NEC, Toshiba,...
In use by leading semiconctor companies:
Cisco, Conexant, Motorola, Nortel, HP-Agilent, Texas Instruments

SI Library Characterization
Libraries Vendors - Artisan, Nurlogic, Virtual Silicon
Foundries - TSMC 0.18u, 0.15u UMC 0.15u
Other partnerships underway
Library SI cookbook available for In-house library developers
Quality of Results
Routing
Proven technology
Fastest in the instry
High density
Crosstalk repair
Antenna avoidance and repair
Supports ECO
Incremental routing
Capacity
64-bit SE-PKS
Solaris port available in May, HP port in June
Increased capacity for QP, WR, Pearl, HE
Can handle flat designs up to 10M gates
Business StatisticsP&R
Over 400 customers
More than 5000 active licenses worldwide
In use by leading ASIC vendors
Fujitsu, Hitachi, Mitsubishi, Motorola, NEC, Toshiba,...
In use by leading semiconctor companies:
IBM, Intel, Motorola, Philips, ST, Texas Instruments

Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R
Integration EnsembleQuick Reference Card
What is it?
A complete Front to Back, Synthesis Place & Route tool

Who is the Target Customer
Digital logical designers
Digital physical designers

Why is it Better?
Capacity/Hierarchy
Superior timing and area
Signal Integrity Prevention, Analysis, and correction
Major Features
Proctive Design Plan with Cadence SP&R

③ 集成電路版圖設計

一般來說 IC fabless公司 如果不做集成電路後端物理設計的話，會把這部分任回務外包給其他公答司做，如提供工藝的foundry。委託給個人的情況較少見，這個涉及到前段設計人員、物理設計人員、工藝廠商三方的合作，而且晶元設計本身是一個反復的過程，不恰當的任務分配，這樣會延遲設計周期，增加風險。

④ 【IC版圖設計】和【PCB版圖設計】的區別~~~~

ic指的是集成電路，版圖設計是ic設計步驟里的除去驗證的最後步驟。

pcb電路板設計的版對象是宏觀電路，即權使用做好的晶元去搭建電路系統。

而ic設計做的是晶元本身，所以這里的版圖設計（layout）就是晶元內部的電路物理實現，即使是裸片，肉眼也是看不清線路的，因為實在是太小了。一般layout設計工具用的比較多的是cadence的virtuoso。

如果是pcb的話，工具那就多了去了。

再給你個ic的版圖在設計的時候的樣子吧~

當然這只是一個晶元的一小部分

⑤ 什麼是版圖設計規則，集成電路版圖設計中為什麼要遵守版圖設計規則

design rule,設計規則。抄因為你的版圖是最終交給晶襲圓廠流片用的，所以你的版圖必須符合相關設計規則。不同工藝的設計規則不同，根據工藝要求和解析度要求，會有不同。常見的有通孔尺寸，多晶最小尺寸，n井到多晶尺寸等。。也就是最小寬度、最小間距、最小覆蓋等幾種。版圖必須經過drc檢查，才能認為你的版圖和工藝兼容，可以正常流片，否則會因為工藝流片的誤差造成期間失效

⑥ 集成電路版圖與裸晶元解剖後有什麼差異

集成電路版圖設計是根據所設計的電路繪製版圖，此時考慮的因素很多，包括延時、功耗、上市時間、市場潛力什麼的（不過這些在設計電路的時候已經考慮到了）、最終流片。裸晶元解剖就是reverse design 根據別人已經流片設計封裝上市的晶元，復原人家的版圖，說白了就是盜版。

• 集成電路（integrated circuit）是一種微型電子器件或部件。採用一定的工藝，把一個電路中所需的晶體管、電阻、電容和電感等元件及布線互連一起，製作在一小塊或幾小塊半導體晶片或介質基片上，然後封裝在一個管殼內，成為具有所需電路功能的微型結構；其中所有元件在結構上已組成一個整體，使電子元件向著微小型化、低功耗、智能化和高可靠性方面邁進了一大步。它在電路中用字母「IC」表示。集成電路發明者為傑克·基爾比（基於鍺（Ge）的集成電路）和羅伯特·諾伊思（基於硅（Si）的集成電路）。當今半導體工業大多數應用的是基於硅的集成電路。

• 是20世紀50年代後期一60年代發展起來的一種新型半導體器件。它是經過氧化、光刻、擴散、外延、蒸鋁等半導體製造工藝，把構成具有一定功能的電路所需的半導體、電阻、電容等元件及它們之間的連接導線全部集成在一小塊矽片上，然後焊接封裝在一個管殼內的電子器件。其封裝外殼有圓殼式、扁平式或雙列直插式等多種形式。集成電路技術包括晶元製造技術與設計技術，主要體現在加工設備，加工工藝，封裝測試，批量生產及設計創新的能力上。

⑦ 集成電路版圖gate是什麼含義

GATE: 門的意思
IC即集成電路(integrated circuit)是一種微型電子器件或部件。採用一定的工藝，把一個電路中回所需的晶體管、電答阻、電容和電感等元件及布線互連一起，製作在一小塊或幾小塊半導體晶片或介質基片上，然後封裝在一個管殼內，成為具有所需電路功能的微型結構;其中所有元件在結構上已組成一個整體，使電子元件向著微小型化、低功耗、智能化和高可靠性方面邁進了一大步。它在電路中用字母"IC"表示

IC上標有GATE的話，說明該晶元是有MOS管的門電路。
在晶元後端設計過程中在晶圓的MOS管柵極用的是Ploy，但是電阻我一般也是給Ploy，柵極上的Ploy就屬於GATE，但是其他的Ploy用來連線或做電阻就不屬於GATE，GATE說的是MOS管上的控制用的門。

⑧ IC版圖設計和PCB版圖設計的區別

ic指的是集成電路，版圖設計是ic設計步驟里的除去驗證的最後步驟。

pcb電路板專設計的對象是屬宏觀電路，即使用晶元搭建系統。

而ic設計做的是晶元本身，所以這里的版圖設計（layout）就是晶元內部的電路物理實現，即使是裸片，肉眼也是看不清線路的，因為實在是太小了。一般layout設計工具用的比較多的是cadence的virtuoso。

如果是pcb的話，工具那就多了去了。

再給你個ic的版圖在設計的時候的樣子吧~

當然這只是一個晶元的一小部分